Volume 8
Number 2, July 2026An Interrelationship of Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody in Clinical and Subclinical Hypothyroidism
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47648/zhswmcj.2026.v0802.04
Ferdous R1 , Nabi G2 , Azad S3 , Kabir SS4 , Mohanta D5 , Siddiqui NA6
Abstract
Background: Immune-mediated changes in the thyroid gland cause changes in thyroid hormone levels. These changes lead to autoimmune thyroid disease. Autoimmunity is the main cause of hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism requires lifelong treatment to avoid health problems related to thyroid hormone deficiency. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (Anti TPO Ab) and Hypothyroidism. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine at Zainul Haque. Sikder Women's Medical College & Hospital from September 2024 to August 2025. Subjects were selected through non-probability, purposive sampling. Based on thyroid profile, the subjects were divided into three groups: euthyroids (n=44), subclinical hypothyroids (n=47), and clinical hypothyroids (n=42). Blood from these subjects was analyzed for Anti-TPO Ab. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18. Results: The study population had a mean age of 38.90 +/- 10.69 years for Clinical hypothyroidism, 37.23 +/- 12.96 years for subclinical hypothyroidism, and 34.95 +/- 14.26 years for euthyroidism. No significant age difference was found across those groups. Serum Thyroid-Stimulating hormone (TSH) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (7.10 μIU/ml) and clinical hypothyroidism (17.15 μIU/ml) than in euthyroid patients (2.21 μIU/ml). FT4 levels were 0.49, 1.10, and 1.20 ng/dL in thyroid, subclinical hypothyroidism, and Euthyroidism, respectively. Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase (Anti-TPO Ab) was 219.5, 37, and 23 IU/mL in Clinical, Subclinical, and Euthyroid subjects, respectively, which was clinically significant. Conclusion: The present study concludes that Anti-TPO comes out to be positive in cases of hypothyroid patients and negative in cases of Euthyroid subjects. Autoimmunity is the main cause of hypothyroidism nowadays. In this study, among the Euthyroid group, only three subjects were found to be Anti TPO Ab positive, which indicates they carry a high risk of developing hypothyroidism in the future.
Keywords: Clinical hypothyroidism, Subclinical hypothyroidism, TSH, Anti-TPO Ab.
- Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine
- Professor, Department of Medicine
- Resident Physician, Department of Medicine
- Assistant Professor, Department of Transfusion Medicine
- Consultant, Department of Medicine
- Associate Professor (Nephrology)